1.1 Provisional thesis statements During the genetic process of engineering a baby, first, there is making of a construct and after that placed inside the DNA of the baby, otherwise known as the host. Genetic engineering is has come under impeccable focus with the increased support from any quarters that has culminated to the progression of the genetically engineered babies that is seen to be the ultimate icing on the innovation cake.

2.0 The Process of Human Genetic Engineering

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Human genetic engineering, apart from inserting new genes into the baby's DNA, also can be used to eliminate specific genes that are rendered not useful as par the scientist's desire. After the completion of the new DNA, it can either be placed to the host organism randomly or inserted to a specific portion of the genome that has been targeted carefully (Korin and Levenberg, 2007). As far as engineering technology on babies is concerned, the process can also change the physical look of the baby, improve the baby's metabolism process as well as advancing the baby's physical capabilities and brain functioning and capabilities such as reasoning and memory.

The first genetically engineered baby was generated in the United States of America in the year 2000. During that time the doctors used screening methods that were used to examine the embryo that belonged to Lisa Nash and Jack Nash. The couple, Lisa and Jack, picked a fetus that would resemble the cell composition of their daughter Molly. Jack and Lisa's daughter, Molly, had a genetically inherited disorder known as Fanconi Anemia which is caused by the body having little bone marrow (Bowen, 2011). The identified embryo picked by the doctors carried neither disease nor disorders and most importantly was an ideal tissue match. As a result of this process, a baby was born by Lisa Nash and named Adam Nash. The baby underwent IVF cycles which were four in number.

After the series of the IVF cycles, stem cells were removed from the baby's umbilical cord and were used to reinstate Molly's deficient marrows. This act saved Molly from the disorder she was suffering from. After the creation of Adam, most parents resorted to the engineering technology on babies' idea to protect their offspring from genetic disorders and diseases. Some chose the practice to prevent their babies from inheriting the genetic disorders they had. In the year 2002, genetically engineered babies were allowed to be created in clinics that dealt with fertility issues. The Human Fertilization and Embryology Department allowed this practice to be done to generate babies that would be useful in the eradication of genetic disorders. The first genetically engineered baby in the United Kingdom was born in the year 2003 for the purposes of donating stem cells for a sibling who had a genetic disorder.

2.1 The ethical concept of engineering technology on babiesEven though human genetic engineering has many benefits and helps improve the human race as well enhances the economy, some people argue that the procedure goes against our moral beliefs and concept as a community. The idea that scientists have started assuming the role God has created a sophisticated argument against human genetic engineering. One of the issues arising from genetically engineered babies is the alteration and manipulation of the baby's genes and DNA and the fact that the process is irreversible. People fear that these scientists may use this procedure to create a harmful and deadly disease that can lead to millions of people suffering and dying in case the disease leaks and spreads worldwide.

Human genetic engineering concepts can allow for the donation of human genes to organisms that are not human to create a new life that a portion of the body creates is human through genes, and the other remaining part is not human. Many people have objected this idea as it is to the moral values and beliefs (GEORGE, 2008). According to ethical beliefs and values, one cannot choose for the baby how it wants to be like. For example how it wants to look like or if it wants its genes to be tampered with. Parents who change the characteristics of the baby before it has been implanted deny the baby the freedom of choice. As far as engineering technology on babies is concerned, the parent will discard the embryo if the traits are not favorable or in case the fetus has a sex-licked disease. This practice as per the ethical values is seen as abortion.

Abortion is unethical and considered as a cruel act as it denies the baby the chance and opportunity to grow and experience the world. Since human genetic engineering can alter the genetic makeup of the embryo, aging can either be delayed or eradicated from the life of the baby. This act, according to some people's views is not morally upright and goes against the ethical values (Kortner, 2001). In cases where the parent demand the baby should have the traits of another person who has no relation to the family, denies the baby the connection with the parents. The baby should be given the privilege to have a relationship with the parents in terms of the genetic makeup, physical characteristics, and mental traits among other available features.

2.2 Effects of genetic engineering on babiesEngineering technology on babies can have both negative and positive effects. The following are the negative and the positive associated with engineering technology on babies.

2.3 Negative Effects of Genetic Engineering2.3.1Effects on the EnvironmentAs far as the ecological system is concerned, the introduction of new organisms to the environment can interfere with patterns in the system. Engineering babies make them little different from the normal babies as they have been modified and their genes altered to create a perfect human being (Kortner, 2001). This can bring about many changes in the normal state of the existing ecological system. Furthermore, scientists who specialize in engineering technology on babies' practices at times use this knowledge to extract human genes and DNA and insert them into an animal to make an organism which is half human and half animal.

Since this organism never existed in the environment before, it has the capability of changing many aspects of the ecological system. For instance, the organism can be able to change the feeding habitat by changing the food web pattern as well as the food chain pattern. Despite human genetical engineering being performed by technologies, it has human activities within the procedure. Scientists who know to alter human genes can create dangerous infections and after that might leak and spread and end up killing living organisms on the environment. This can tamper with the regular pattern of the ecosystem. Furthermore, this action can disturb the environment as part of the living organisms would be infected or die.

2.3.2 Effects on HumansLooking at the fact that engineering technologies on babies involve tampering and altering of the human DNA and genes, many negative impacts can occur as the typical sequence of the genes is altered. For example, it may lead to the removal of the essential genes instead of removing the mutated genes. This may lead to human being contracting a disease. Next, during the replacement of the defective genes, the functional genes replaced may cause a reduction in the range of genes.

Furthermore, in case human being have the same and genomes that look alike after being genetically manipulated, this may result in the population being vulnerable to virus or any other infections. Engineering technology on babies can also bring about uncertain side effects. For example, a human being can be allergic to certain substances and reactions after undergoing the practice. Moreover, in some people, they may not have had the allergic reactions in their earlier state, but after experiencing the procedure, they may be chances such as being allergic to any substance such as pollen grains.

2.3.3 Effects on the SocietyEngineering technology on babies may bring about the division in the community. A perfect example is the ideal humans and the imperfect human. Babies who have undergone the engineering technology procedure, since their genes have been perfected and some of their cap...