Essay Sample on Nanotechnology tattoo

The nanotechnology tattoo is a recent technology that is implanted into a patient's skin with an aim of providing continuous as well as accurate glucose detection for diabetic diseases. The Nano tattoo benefits are outstanding, its ability to prevent complications of diabetics, reduce social costs, ease of use, and the comfort it brings to its users. Therefore, it is essential to learn and understand how to apply the bioethical checklist that Bennett and Naranja recommended, the ethical principles of nanotechnology, what nanotechnology is and how it works, and the common treatments that get compared to the Nano tattoo treatment.

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Question one

As nanotechnology moved towards commercialization, Bennett and Naranja proposed a checklist of factors that they designed to address the potential legal issues and bioethical issues that pose a threat to the societal benefits of nanotechnology. The factors included: system design, Beneficence, patent scope, privacy, patent thicket potential, justice, and autonomy. The bioethical checklist at play in the case study areas follows.

Autonomy

Individual autonomy requires the delivery of all essential and understandable information that will enable them to make informed consent about diagnostic as well as treatment alternatives. Physicians need to avoid paternalism and uphold a patient's right to self-determination and disclose all the risks that come with the treatment of nanotechnology. To address the patient's concern about the use of nanotechnology tattoo treatment, I would reveal the benefits of using the procedure as compared to other alternatives and also discuss the negative impacts it would cause. With the correct information, the patient will be in a position to make the right treatment decision.

Beneficence

Beneficence is the moral obligation of doing good to other people. To address the patient's concerns about the ability of Nano tattoo to help them with diabetics, I would assure them that their quality of life and life expectancy would be improved. With that kind of assurance, the patient will have an easy time making informed decisions.

Privacy

When it comes to Nanomedicine, the power to control a patient's personal information is of vital concern. Since the use of Nano tattoo treatment will be visually reflecting glucose concentration, the patient's medical information can get intercepted by third parties. To address the patient's concerns, I would assure them that their health status information would be kept private to ease his concerns. With that in mind, the patient will be in a position to make correct decisions that will help him leave a comfortable life.

Question two

Ethics are the moral principles that govern individual behavior. In the scenario, the ethical principles at play include confidentiality and truthfulness. The patient is concerned with getting a tattoo because he has never wanted one even though it would help him monitor his glucose concentration. The physician is obligated to tell the patient the truth about the status of his health and recommend the best alternative treatment that would best assist him in leaving a comfortable life. Once the patient accepts the treatment suggestion, concerns about confidentiality arise. The physician is obligated to keep the patient's health information private. Confidentiality between physicians and patients is vital since, without trust, a patient would be afraid to open up to critical information that would help a physician administer treatment better. The second ethical principle at play is informed consent. Informed consent means the permission given in full understanding as well as knowledge of the possible outcomes of trying any treatment plan. According to Katz et al. (2016), informed consent means that an individual knowingly, intelligently, clearly, and voluntarily gives his or her permission. In the scenario, informed consent has to be acknowledged by both the patient and the physician.

The physician is required to educate the patient about the risks, benefit as well as other alternatives of diabetic's treatment plan. If the patient knows all the needed critical information he would be competent to give his informed consent to the physician to administer the treatment plan. According to Thomas et al. (2015), a patient can only make informed consent if they know the risk as well as the benefit of the treatment they want to participate in. Lastly, it is about Beneficence. The concept of Beneficence in the scenario means that the physician must have the patient's welfare as an objective in the treatment plan he recommended. The number, type, and degree of risks should get assessed, and also the subjects' value system. If the physician discovers that the risks outweigh the benefit of the treatment plan recommended, he should not administer it to the patient.

Question three

Nanotechnology is the latest developed in science whereby small particles get studies by scientists within the ranges of 0.1 nanometer- 100 nanometer. According to Stirling (2016), Nanotechnology is the understanding as well as control of matter at the nanoscale. A nanometer gets regarded as a unit of measurement in the metric system, and it is equal to one thousand millionth of a meter. For an easy understanding of the proportion of that kind of size, the human hair diameter equals fifty thousand nanometers (Sterling, 2016). Feynman initially discussed the first talks about nanotechnology in 1959. Richard Feynman was a famous physicist; he talked about the possibilities of synthesizing through direct atoms manipulation. Norio Taniguchi was the first person to use the words Nanotechnology in 1974. During the 1980s, two significant breakthroughs sparked the development of nanotechnology

The creation of a "scanning tunneling microscope." The invention of the microscope provided unprecedented visualization of human bonds as well as atoms and got used in the manipulation of people's atoms in 1989. The second breakthrough was the discovery of fullerenes by Kroto, Smalley, and Curl in 1985. Since then, the American government took steps to promote as well as fund nanotechnology research, for instance, the "National nanotechnology program that formalized the definition of what nanotechnology is. Nanotechnology permits scientists as well as developers in building, reassemble, decompose, and rearrange existing components. Nanotechnology brought a lot of benefits in the healthcare sector, such as it has enabled better diagnostic tools as well as imaging that paves the way for early diagnosis, enhances therapeutic success chances, and more individualized treatment options. Secondly, Nanomedicine developers discovered ways in which nanotechnology can get used to improve vaccines; for instance, the delivery of vaccines without the help of needles (Bahman et al., 2017).

Question four

Smoking cessation is the process by which an individual stops tobacco smoking. The smoke inhaled by individuals gets made up of nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive substance that causes dependency, and withdrawing from it becomes difficult. There exist several methods of treating smoking cessation that can get compared to the tattoo treatment. The use of Nicotine gum is one of the ways. The buffering agents in nicotine gum raise the salivary Ph hence allowing nicotine absorption across buccal mucosa. The usage of nicotine gum enhances the cessation rate by fifty percent as compared to control interventions, and it is a pain-free to patients. The second method is the use of a nicotine patch. Nicotine patch uses a concentration-dependent, as well as the continuously low-level delivery of nicotine in the skin. The treatment of Smoking cessation such as the nicotine patch is no different from the treatment of diabetics using nanotechnology since it gets administered in the skin and it is effective as compared to other alternatives.

Cardiac diseases are those diseases that involve the heart and blood vessels. Treatments for a cardiac disease may include the use of ACE inhibitors to assist in modulation of potassium and sodium as well as improve the levels of blood pressure. Doctors implant devices like pacemakers or defibrillators to improve the patient's heart function and also assist in the prevention of deadly arrhythmias. Scientist came up with special tattoos which permits an individual with diabetes to accurately monitor his glucose levels (Srinivas, 2017). Two types of nanotechnology inks got created. The two types of inks have to be injected into a patient skin, with an aim of changing fluorescence, but it depends on the patience's blood sugar. The two types of inks developed by Michael Strano and Heather Clark both need an external device that would get used to measure as well as translate the patience's fluorescence as it is in the same case with treatment of cardiac diseases.

In conclusion, the nanotechnology tattoo is a resent technology that got designed to get implanted into a patient's skin with the aim of providing continuous, as well as accurate glucose detection for diabetic diseases. The bioethical checklist recommended by Bennett and Naranja includes; system design, Beneficence, patent scope, privacy, patent thicket potential, justice, and autonomy. In the scenario, the ethical principles at play are; truthfulness and confidentiality informed consent and Beneficence. Nanotechnology is the understanding as well as control of matter at the nanoscale. The common treatments for smoking cessation and cardiac diseases that get compared to tattoo treatment are; use of Nicotine gum, use of nicotine patch and the use of ACE inhibitors

References

Katz, A. L., Webb, S. A., & Committee on Bioethics. (2016). Informed consent in decision-making in pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 138(2), e20161485.

Thomas, J. R., Nelson, J. K., & Silverman, S. J. (2015). Research methods in physical activity. Human kinetics.

Srinivas, K. (2017). Nano tattoos as biosensors for medical diagnostic applications. International Journal of Emerging Research in Management & Technology, 6(4), 151-155.

Bahman, F., Greish, K., & Taurin, S. (2019). Nanotechnology in insulin delivery for management of diabetes. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, 7(2), 113-128.

Stirling, D. (2016). Improving Human Health at the Atomic Level: A Bibliographic Survey of Nanomedicine. Available at SSRN 2835844.