Role Modelling Theory: Holistic Care for Patients (1983) - Essay Sample

Introduction

The Role and Role Modelling theory was created in the year 1983 by Mary Ann Swain, Evelyn Tomlin, and Hellen Erickson. The theory was created by its founders to ensure that the nurses provide holistic care to the patients and that the theory will enable the nurses to view the universe through the patient's eyes. Through the role and role modelling theory, enables the nurses to focus on the client's needs and give them proper medical care and attention. It also goes the extra mile, which is to ensure that the patient has the knowledge and ability to understand what made them sick and the right ways in which the patient can get intervened in order for them to get well. Through this model, it enables the nurses to ensure that the patient attains, maintains, and that their health is promoted.

Identification of Major Theory Concepts

The principal theory concepts of the Role and Role Modelling theory have its concepts drawn from various theories (Ardian et al., 2019). The theories include; Maslow's theory of the hierarchy of needs, Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages, Piaget's theory of cognitive development, and the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) by Selye and Lazarus.

Relationship Between the Concepts and the Modelling and Role Modelling Theory

The Maslow hierarchal theory relates to the modelling and role modelling theory in that it perceives that the basic needs are met when the patient perceives that one's needs are met. The Maslow's theory which forms a hierarchical ordering of needs, which is the baseline of the modelling and role modelling theory, in that when a need is met, growth of the patient and well-being occurs (Ardian et al., 2019). According to Maslow's hierarchy, when the needs of patients do not get achieved, it is perceived as a threat; thus, it leads to the development of distress and illness of the patient.

In Erikson's theory, it entails psychosocial stages, whose aim depends on the degree of satisfaction of one's needs. Erikson's s theory, it provides individuals with the ability to respond to daily stressors healthily fully (Asif et al., 2019). Since the theory depends with the patient's life stages, through the right intervention, it will enable the individual to understand their age, and through it, the nurses and the doctors may determine which developmental stage the patient has, and through it, they will be able to rework early developments through the help of a therapist.

Piaget's theory is the cognitive stages, which usually develop in a specific manner. It will make it possible for the nurses and doctors to understand, and through it, they will be able to determine which developmental stage the patient may have difficulty (Asif et al., 2019). Through this theory will make the patient well aware of their health problems, and therefore, it will enhance proper medical care and management since the patient is well aware of one's condition.

Major Theory of Concepts

Maslow's Theory of Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's theory conceptualizes human needs as a pyramid that starts at the bottom with physiological needs, followed by safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem, and self-actualization needs (Jarden et al., 2019). Maslow stated that human needs usually get achieved starting from the bottom to the top.

Nurses ensure that Maslow's theory is a success by prioritizing the patient's care decisions. At first, the nurses need to address the problems that have an impact on the client's physiological and safety needs before they climb up the pyramid to the highest peak, which is self-actualization. The needs like the physiological need entail; food, shelter, water, and even oxygen; safety needs of the patient include; physical safety and security (Jarden et al., 2019). Love and belonging needs include; identification, affection, and companionship. Esteem entails self- respect and prestige. The highest peak, which is self-actualization, refers to how the patient can achieve one's capabilities.

General Adaptation Syndrome

The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which is referred to as the theory of stress, was developed by Hans Selye in the year (1907 -1982) which gave a clear description for the biological stress (McCarty, 2016). According to Hans Selye's theory, one explained that events that threaten one's well-being lead to a bodily response, which is broken down into three stages, namely Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.

Alarm

The alarm is the first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome. Hans described that once the body encountered a stressor, it reacted through the fight or flight response (McCarty, 2016). Hormones in the body, such as adrenaline, are released into one's body, and the body's parts now become mobilized.

Resistance

Resistance is the second stage in which the parasympathetic nervous system returns the physiological functions to normal levels while the body focusses on the stressor (Jarden et al., 2019). The blood glucose levels remain high, increased heart rates, blood pressure, and fast breathing. The organism stays calm and normal.

Exhaustion

It refers to when the stressor goes beyond the body's full capacity (Jarden et al., 2019). The body exhausts its resources and becomes vulnerable to the disease and that it, later on, leads to death.

References

Ardian, P., Hariyati, R. T., & Afifah, E. (2019). Correlation between implementation case reflection discussion based on the Graham Gibbs cycle and nurses' critical thinking skills. Enfermería Clínica, 29, 588-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.091

Asif, M., Jameel, A., Hussain, A., Hwang, J., & Sahito, N. (2019). Linking transformational leadership with nurse-assessed adverse patient outcomes and the quality of care: Assessing the role of job satisfaction and structural empowerment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132381J

arden, R. J., Sandham, M., Siegert, R. J., & KoziolMcLain, J. (2019). Conceptual model for intensive care nurse work wellbeing: A qualitative secondary analysis. Nursing in Critical Care, 25(2), 74-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12485

McCarty, R. (2016). The alarm phase and the general adaptation syndrome. Stress: Concepts, Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior, 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800951-2.00002-9