Compare and contrast the following Psychological approaches: Developmental, Cognitive and Behavioural

Developmental Psychological Approach

It refers to a psychological approach that explains growth patterns, change, and consistency throughout one`s lifespan (Badcock et al., 2019). It also looks at how one`s thinking, feeling, and behavior change throughout an individual`s life.

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Ethical Issues in the Developmental Approach

The ethical issues that face this approach include obtaining consent from children and adolescents (Boat and Kelleher, 2020). Psychologists also face challenges in treating and evaluating patients regarding their sexuality and health.

Cognitive Approach

The cognitive psychology approach refers to the study of internal mental processes. The processes include; perception, memory, thinking, and attention (Campos et al., 2019). These approaches aid individuals in coping up with memory disorders, and they increase an individual’s decision-making skills.

Ethical Issues in the Developmental Approach

Ethical issues that face this approach include obtaining informed consent (Han et al., 2019). The children may usually get bored and may not take part in the treatment entirely.

Behavioural Psychological Approach

This theory states that all behaviors are learned through interaction with an environment in the conditioning process (Herbell et al., 2020). Behavior refers to the response to stimuli.

Ethical Issues

The ethical issues in this psychological approach include a breach of confidentiality and inappropriate use of tests. Also, it includes bias in personality assessment.

Contribution to the Field of Psychology

The cognitive approach has aided in making psychologists understand and help persons improve their memories together with developing ways to combat memory losses (Hoemann et al., 2019). The use of rehearsal, strategies has aided in improving the transfer of information to long-term memory, which is stable and durable (Huggins & Thompson, 2017). The developmental approach has aided psychologists to have a more in-depth understanding of how humans grow and adapt, and through this approach, they will be able to correct any developmental defects (Kraaij & Garnefski, 2019). Through the Behavioral Approach, it will aid psychologists in making their patients feel more comfortable with themselves (Käll et al., 2020). It has also enabled psychologists to understand the connections between one`s mind and behavior.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Approach

Behavioral Approach

Strengths

This approach has applied both classical and operant conditioning to the behavioral approach (Liebal & Haun, 2018). It uses scientific methods to research its subjects.

Disadvantages

This approach focuses mostly on the nature side. It states that behavior is learned but it majors on both cognitive and biological elements (LoganGreene et al., 2019). It uses ethical issues raised by using animals in experiments since they cannot ask for consent or withdraw.

Cognitive Approach

Strengths

The cognitive approach has many practical applications and theories, for example, the theory of mind. The theory of mind can be used to help someone with autism (Meadows & Kellett, 2017). The Cognitive Approach is based on experiments as a form of research.

Weaknesses

The cognitive approach ignores factors that affect the behavior of individuals (Shamay-Tsoory & Mendelsohn, 2019). The cognitive approach also refers to cognitive processes that individuals cannot observe it.

Developmental Approach

Strengths

This approach is used to improve childcare and education (Dimoff & Kelloway, 2018). The approach helps to show how individuals develop as they mature.

Weaknesses

The developmental approach is referred to as being deterministic; this is because the approach states that their childhood experiences form individuals (Reuben et al., 2019). The approach uses children as participants in research, the children may face difficulty in understanding the concepts, and thus the results may not reflect what the researcher wants to find.

References

Badcock, P., Friston, K., Ramstead, M., Ploeger, A., & Hohwy, J. (2019). The hierarchically mechanistic mind: an evolutionary systems theory of the human brain, cognition, and behavior. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 19(6), 1319-1351. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-019-00721-3

Boat, T., & Kelleher, K. (2020). Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Child Health Care. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(8), 745. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1485

Campos, J., Barbosa-Ducharne, M., Dias, P., Rodrigues, S., Martins, A., & Leal, M. (2019). Emotional and Behavioral Problems and Psychosocial Skills in Adolescents in Residential Care. Child And Adolescent Social Work Journal, 36(3), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0594-9

Dimoff, J., & Kelloway, E. (2018). Signs of struggle (SOS): The development and validation of a behavioural mental health checklist for the workplace. Work & Stress, 33(3), 295-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2018.1503359

Han, H., Dawson, K., Thoma, S., & Glenn, A. (2019). Developmental Level of Moral Judgment Influences Behavioral Patterns During Moral Decision-Making. The Journal Of Experimental Education, 88(4), 660-675. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2019.1574701

Herbell, K., Breitenstein, S., Melnyk, B., & Guo, J. (2020). Family resilience and flourishment: Well-being among children with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Research In Nursing & Health. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.22066

Hoemann, K., Xu, F., & Barrett, L. (2019). Emotion words, emotion concepts, and emotional development in children: A constructionist hypothesis. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1830-1849. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000686

Huggins, R., & Thompson, P. (2017). The behavioral foundations of urban and regional development: culture, psychology, and agency. Journal Of Economic Geography, 19(1), 121-146. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbx040

Käll, A., Shafran, R., Lindegaard, T., Bennett, S., Cooper, Z., Coughtrey, A., & Andersson, G. (2020). A common elements approach to the development of a modular cognitive behavioral theory for chronic loneliness. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 88(3), 269-282. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000454

Kraaij, V., & Garnefski, N. (2019). The Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Development, psychometric properties and relationships with emotional problems and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Personality And Individual Differences, 137, 56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.036

Liebal, K., & Haun, D. (2018). Why Cross-Cultural Psychology Is Incomplete Without Comparative and Developmental Perspectives. Journal Of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(5), 751-763. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117738085

LoganGreene, P., Linn, B., HartingerSaunders, R., Nochajski, T., Wieczorek, W., & Rittner, B. (2019). Understanding the ecological context of mental, emotional, and behavioral health problems: A personcentered approach. Journal Of Community Psychology, 47(4), 833-855. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22156

Meadows, J., & Kellett, S. (2017). Development and Evaluation of Cognitive Analytic Guided Self-Help (CAT-SH) for Use in IAPT Services. Behavioural And Cognitive Psychotherapy, 45(3), 266-284. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465816000485

Reuben, A., Schaefer, J., Moffitt, T., Broadbent, J., Harrington, H., & Houts, R. et al. (2019). Association of Childhood Lead Exposure With Adult Personality Traits and Lifelong Mental Health. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(4), 418. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4192

Shamay-Tsoory, S., & Mendelsohn, A. (2019). Real-Life Neuroscience: An Ecological Approach to Brain and Behavior Research. Perspectives On Psychological Science, 14(5), 841-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619856350