How to quote correctly in your university essays

When writing an essay for university, it’s imperative to avoid plagiarism. In many countries, plagiarism leads not only to a fine but also to prison. The fact is that authors get profit and recognition from their work. Copyright infringement destroys this, so it’s unacceptable in academic circles.

One way to avoid plagiarism is to cite. We'll discuss this process in this text. The process has many nuances that must be analyzed to apply the quote correctly. Read on to learn how to quote according to different standards and make your text high-quality and unique. You’ll also learn the most exciting thing - how to quote a quote. 

The meaning and purpose of the quotation 

Many people confuse reference and quotation, so let's start with the definition before we learn how to quote. What are quotes? Quoting is the use of textual fragments from other sources in your text. The primary purpose is to confirm your opinion or prove a point of view with the help of authoritative paper sources. You reinforce your arguments, provide additional evidence, and support the credibility of the research or analysis. Also, a quotation indicates the sources from which the author borrowed ideas or information, which whitewashes their intellectual honesty, avoiding plagiarism. 

Reference and quotation work together because, for example, you must indicate where you got a particular phrase. However, you also cite the source when paraphrasing and using other forms of conveying someone's thoughts. It's just that in the case of quotes, it's a verbatim paraphrase or copy-paste. 

Quoting in APA, MLA, and Chicago formats

We’re considering these citation styles because you’ll encounter them during your studies. Here they are: 

• APA: Scientific psychology, sociology, and education research cannot do without this style. If you include a quote in your text, use the author-date system. For example, “If you want to make a difference in the world, start with yourself” (Do, 2018, p. 25).
• MLA: This style is most common in the humanities, such as literature or linguistics. Cite like this: “Success is not a final station, a non-final rest” (King, 2019, p. 42).
• Chicago: This one is used in history, art, and business. There are two main formats: notes-bibliography and author-date. In the first case, the note number is inserted into the text as a unique identifier, followed by detailed information about the source. The author-date format is when the author's name and year of publication are placed directly after the quotation. Anything additional is transferred to the list of references. For example, “Love is a big risk, but it's worth every minute” (James, 2017).

Each style has its characteristics, but they all add to credibility and help to indicate sources clearly. Don't think these are all of them, but they’re enough to get you started and make your studies successful. There’s also Harvard one, which uses the names of the authors and the year of publication in the text and provides a full list of references at the end of the paper. Another popular one is the Vancouver style, which uses numerical references to literary sources in the order they appear in the text and then provides a list of references in the form of a numbered list. 

How to choose and use a quote 

Follow these steps to know how to quote to the point:

1. Identify the topic and main ideas. Before looking for a quote, understand what you’re writing about and what points of view you’re presenting.
2. Search for a relevant quote. Know how to write a quote to support your ideas or illustrate the critical points of your essay. Use books, articles, websites, other students' work, etc. Don't insert unnecessary things just because they " look more solid.” They don't. Plus, it’s unlikely that the 1980 study outweighs the more recent ones on the same topic.  
3. Assess the reliability. Ensure the source of the quote is reputable and reliable. Is the information even accurate? Also, keep in mind the relevance. 
4. Choose the proper format. Think about which format is best suited for the case. The easiest way is to ask your supervisor and not rack your brains. They’ll also most likely answer how to write a quote in the most successful way for your topic. 
5. Insert a quote into your essay. You probably already know the right place. Plus, include the author's name, year of publication, and the page number (if applicable).
6. Use proper punctuation. Place quotation marks around the exact words, and adjust punctuation based on how the quote fits into your sentence.
7. Provide context. Introduce the speaker and the circumstances of the quote.
8. Explain the quote. In some cases, quotes are self-explanatory. If not, add your own commentary to eliminate any ambiguity. Follow the quote with an analysis or commentary to tie it into your argument.

For example, if you’re writing about the impact of technology on modern society, you can use Steve Jobs' words about the importance of innovation and progress. Then, explain how this quote adds to your argument. 

How to quote within a quotation

This is a situation when you quote material already quoted in your text. Why? To provide additional information or commentary. Before we answer the question “How do you quote a quote?”, let’s see what it allows:  

• Add an explanation or context to the original quote.
• Emphasize the importance of certain words or phrases.
• Provide an example or illustration to support a point.

Now, let's see how to quote correctly. First of all, use quotation marks twice. Use double quotation marks to separate a quote from the body of the text. For a secondary statement, you need single quotation marks. Make sure it doesn’t confuse the reader in any way. Provide clarity by clearly separating the author's words from quotes. You've probably seen this somewhere, but we'll give you an example below on how to quote a quote. 

If you are quoting a phrase or word within an original quote, use single quotation marks. Then, cite the author and the page if the style rules require it.

Example: 

Smith replied, “When Haruki Murakami expressed his opinion about reading, he said, 'Reading is a good thing you do for yourself.’”

Quotes within quotes can be pretty confusing, so take your time and check several times to make sure you're not making a mistake. You’ll learn how to quote a quote with a little practice. 

Good and bad examples of how to cite a quote

Practice makes perfect, so we write as much as possible to achieve a high-quality essay. The situation is similar in the case of quotations; you must face and solve different situations. Plus, look at examples in the works of others. Use the following resources to know how to cite a quote: 

1. Scientific journals: That’s where scientists most often publish their work. You’ll find texts on literally any topic. PubMed, JSTOR and Google Scholar are also your best friends in this situation. 
2. Books: Academic and scientific publications take the largest share of quotations. See how authors cite sources and additional literature in their works.
3. Scientific conferences: Some are available online, so watch and learn how authors cite and use other research.
4. Educational resources and guides: The Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) or the APA, MLA, or Chicago websites contain many helpful information and examples. 

Finally, here are our examples of how to cite a quote. 

Original:

“Global warming is one of the greatest threats to our society.”

Successful quotation in the essay:

Johnson states, "Global warming is one of the greatest threats to our society” (p. 25). 

In this example, the author indicates the source of the quote, including the author's name and page number. The quote fits succinctly into the essay's text and supports the position.

Unsuccessful quotation:

As Johnson said, “Global warming is one of the greatest threats to our society.” This shows that the problem is really serious.

Here, we don’t see the reference, source, or page number. The author's name is there, but the reader receives no more helpful information. The quote literally repeats the original without further explanation or analysis. Although it’s not plagiarism, it’s not successful. Now you know how to cite a quote and can do it yourself.

Final thoughts on how to quote a quote

Perhaps every scientific paper contains a quotation. It's convenient, and it helps to reinforce your point. You use the expertise of others for your own research, and readers immediately trust you more. But this is only if you do it right. The risk of plagiarism does not go away. 

Above, we have discussed how to quote successfully in your essay. Use these tips and get that A grade. If you are completely short of time, you can use the assistance of writing services. It’s enough to type “write my paper” in Google and get a bunch of options. Professionals will do the work for you, and you can still improve your knowledge or relax before further academic achievements. The main thing is to check the reliability of websites because fraudsters are not asleep either. Look at registration, reviews, statistics, etc. The more information, the better.