The above study is correlational.

The kind of statistical test that the author run is Pearson r correlation, this is indicated in the top of the table as bivariate correlations; also the values in the table indicates a positive and genitive correlation co-efficient.

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Ho: violent video gameplay is not positively associated with everyday sadism at both times of measurement.

H1: violent video gameplay is positively associated with everyday sadism at both times of measurement.

Ho: The amount of violent video gameplay is not consistently positively associated with trait aggression.

H1: The amount of violent video gameplay is consistently positively associated with trait aggression.

Study Two Results Section

The above study is an experimental study

The independent variable is Perceived Control On Health Complaints Of Geriatric Patients.

The dependent variable is health complaints.

The author used the student t-test to prove the hypothesis; from the result, there is the t-value and the p-values.

Ho: health complaints among the geriatric patients depends on the perceived control on health complaints.

H1: health complaints among geriatric patients is independent of the perceived control of health complaints.

Study Three Results Section

The above study is an experimental study

Independent variable is drug group i.e., low dose, placebo, a moderate dose

The dependent variable is depression levels

The author used F-test because from the table there are F-values with significant p-value.

Ho: There will be no difference in depression levels between the three groups i.e., Placebo, low dose, and moderate dose.

H1: There will be a difference somewhere in depression levels between the three levels of drug groups i.e., Placebo, low dose, and moderate dose.

Study Four Results Section

The study is experimental

Independent variable is, Federal Drug Administration (FDA) e-cigarette warning label

Dependent variables are:

(i.) College students' perceived advantages and risks of e-cigarette use

(ii.) Students' intentions to use e-cigarettes

The author used student t-test because, from the test statistics, there are t-values compared with p-values

Ho: College students' perceived advantages and risks of e-cigarette use depend on the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) e-cigarette warning label

H1: College students' perceived advantages and risks of e-cigarette use does not depend on the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) e-cigarette warning label

Ho: Students' intentions to use e-cigarettes does not depend on the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) e-cigarette warning label

H1: Students' intentions to use e-cigarettes does not depend on the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) e-cigarette warning label

Study Five Results Section

The above study is experimental

The independent variable is feelings regarding the recent sporting injury.

The dependent variable is, the efficacy of emotional disclosure

The author used F-statistics, because, the F-values are compared to the p-values

Ho: efficacy of emotional disclosure does not depend on the feelings regarding recent sporting injury

H1: efficacy of emotional disclosure depends on the feelings regarding recent sporting injury