Quantitative Research Question

The criteria used in the diagnosis of ADHD and the methods used to weigh these criteria are established and tested in a clinical setting but with limitations. They are mostly done under specific conditions with a selected population. What differences are there in stimulant medication for male children 6-years to 18-years and male adults over 24 years old diagnosed with ADHD?

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Data Collection Tools

Study participants divided into two groups. The first group will be male children aged between 6years and 18 years who have been diagnosed with ADHD under diagnostic and statistical mental disorder or the international classification of disease (ICD) criteria. The second group will be male adults over 24 diagnosed with ADHD by the ICD criteria. The patient data will be collected, which will include their age, race, income level, and housing status.

Checklist p. 245-246 (Leedy & Ormrod, 2016)

Collected data will include both continuous and discrete measures.

Data will include a combination of interval, ordinal nominal and ratio variables.

Median, mean, standard deviation, variance, mode, and range; Fisher's exact test p-values odds ratio; Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA; chi-squared, t-tests.

The samples can be assumed to be generally distributed as they are significant. Measures of variability (range, SD, variance) and measures of central tendency (median, mode, mean) will be used for important dichotomous and categorical outcomes. Kruskal Wallis one-way ANOVA will be used for comparing congruency of the stimulant medication. Comparing results will be made between study arms using the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. T-test used for continuous variables. P-values less than 0.05 are considered statistically significant (Leedy & Ormrod, 2016).

Interpretation of data collected in the context of the research.

They are relating the data collected to the research problem and finding whether the figures have practical and statistical implication.

Findings related to already existing concepts, studies, theories, literature, and identification of limitations such as bias that could have influenced the research (Leedy & Ormrod, 2016).

Identification of unexpected outcomes or knowledge gaps considered as topics that require more research.

Statistical Tests

Check above checklist point four.

Interpretive Criteria

Researchers analyze the data to check for statistically significant symptom changes based on the ICD criteria or incidences of adverse drug actions between conventional treatment and genetic tests used to make medication decisions.

If Findings do not Support the Hypothesis

If the results are checked and found to be accurate, they should be accepted and interpreted accordingly regarding the research problem. If worthwhile, they should be considered irrespective of the results. The findings are essential in creating evidence-based knowledge, whether the hypothesis was supported or not supported.

ReferencesBrikell, I., Ghirardi, L., Chang, Z., D'Onofrio, B. M., Kuja-Halkola, R., & Larsson, H. (2017). ADHD medications and the risk of epileptic seizures: a pharmacoepidemiological study using general register data. In European Neuropsychopharmacology (Vol. 27, No. Suppl. 4, pp. S1113-S1114). Elsevier.

Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2016). Practical research: Planning and design (11th ed.). Indianapolis, IN Pearson. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rudolph_Jurgen/publication/331159133_Book_review_of_Leedy_Ormrod%27s_Practical_Research/links/5c691d4f4585156b57015f3b/Book-review-of-Leedy-Ormrods-Practical-Research.pdf

Quinn, P. D., Chang, Z., Hur, K., Gibbons, R. D., Lahey, B. B., Rickert, M. E., ... & D'Onofrio, B. M. (2017). ADHD medication and substance-related problems. American journal of psychiatry, 174(9), 877-885. https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16060686